Graduate
November 25, 2020
Atrial Fibrillation in an African-American Cohort: the Jackson Heart Study
While many risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) are more prevalent among African Americans (AAs) than whites, AF incidence appears to be lower. Data from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), a community-based cohort study of cardiovascular disease among 5,306 AAs were used to investigate incident AF. Using participant characteristic data ascertained at baseline and incident…
Treatment practices of patients with advanced kidney disease in the US Department of Veterans Affairs, 2000-2011
It is not known what proportion of US patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) receive renal replacement therapy (RRT) with maintenance dialysis or kidney transplant. In other developed countries, receipt of RRT is highly age-dependent and is the exception rather than the rule at older ages. We conducted a retrospective study of a national…
Substance Use, Sexual Networks, and HIV risk among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Peru
BACKGROUND In Peru, the HIV epidemic is concentrated among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in whom HIV incidence rates are as high as 4.2 per 100 person-years with HIV prevalence reported to be as high as 22% in MSM and up to 30% in TGW. This dissertation seeks to…
Public Park System Characteristics Associated with Physical Activity
Physical activity (PA) is protective of many chronic diseases, but most Americans are not sufficiently active. Public parks are places where PA occurs, and thus expanding park land or the facilities in parks could result in greater population levels of PA. There is a lack of robust evidence, however, linking greater park proximity or more…
Sociodemographic, behavioral, and neighborhood-environment predictors of diabetes prevalence across Asian American ethnicities: Analyses of CHIS (2013-2015).
BACKGROUND Asian Americans are the fastest growing minority group in the U.S. and are disproportionately affected by the burden of diabetes. However, little is known about the individual vs. environmental-level predictors of diabetes and the heterogeneity among Asian American ethnicities. OBJECTIVE To examine whether socio-demographic factors, individual health behaviors, or neighborhood environmental factors are most…
Precipitation Associated with Increased Diarrheal Disease in Mozambique; A Time Series Analysis
BACKGROUND Diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. Though research has shown diarrheal diseases to be impacted by weather, there is limited evidence of this association in sub-Saharan Africa and no studies conducted in Mozambique. Our study aimed to determine if variation in diarrheal disease counts was associated with precipitation…
HIV-1 Risk and Prevention Strategies for Women during Pregnancy and Postpartum
HIV-1 is the leading cause of death worldwide among women of reproductive age, and this group is a priority to reach with effective HIV-1 prevention. There is great potential to provide HIV-1 interventions to women during the periconception, pregnancy, and postpartum periods by leveraging existing healthcare settings that serve women and couples at high risk…
Pregnancy Intention and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: An Analysis of PRAMS Data
Background: Understanding the effect of pregnancy intention on the prevalence of postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS) and the influence of discussing depression risk during prenatal care can inform prenatal care provision and improve maternal and child health outcomes. Objective: The aims of the study were to measure the association between pregnancy intention and PPDS and to…
CYP2D6 inherited variation and inhibiting medication use in relation to adverse breast cancer outcomes after tamoxifen therapy
Tamoxifen (TAM) is widely used to reduce the risk of breast cancer (BC) recurrence and prolong disease-free survival among women with estrogen-sensitive breast cancers. TAM efficacy is thought to be attributable largely to the actions of its active metabolite, endoxifen, and must undergo biotransformation catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP2D6. Endogenous variation in CYP2D6…
Systemic monocyte activation levels and developmental milestone attainment in HIV-infected infants initiating antiretroviral therapy
Background: Peripheral monocyte activation has been associated with poor neurocognitive outcomes in HIV-infected adults. We hypothesized that HIV infected infants with persistent systemic monocyte activation following antiretroviral treatment (ART) would have later attainment of developmental milestones. Materials and Methods: HIV infected infants initiated ART at age <5 months as part of the Optimizing Pediatric HIV-1…
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