Graduate
November 25, 2020
Effects of Intubation Location on Risk of Ventilator Associated Events
BACKGROUND Ventilation is a crucial tool in modern medicine that allows for advanced respiratory support in critically ill patients. However, prolonged ventilation has been found to be linked with ventilator-associated conditions (VACs), which in turn are associated with multiple adverse hospital outcomes. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between intubation practices (using intubation locations as a…
Incidence, Longitudinal Trajectory, and Hemodynamic Implications of Cardiac Dysfunction Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public heath problem and leading cause of death and disability worldwide. While hemodynamic instability is common following TBI and associated with increased mortality, few studies have evaluated the function of the heart following TBI. Understanding the role of cardiac dysfunction following TBI represents a major gap in the…
Stressful Life Events in Pregnancy and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms among Women in Washington State
BACKGROUND Stressful life events (SLEs) such as job loss or death of a loved one are common in pregnancy. Studies have shown that women with SLEs during pregnancy are more likely to develop postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS). This study examined the association between stressful life events (SLEs) experienced one year before delivery and postpartum depressive…
Risk factors of opioid-related overdose among opioid users in an acute care setting: a prospective cohort study
OBJECTIVE Opioid-related overdoses cause substantial morbidity and mortality in the United States. This prospective cohort analysis investigated the associations between demographics, overdose history, and drug use and future medically attended opioid overdose events (both fatal and non-fatal). METHODS Baseline data from 241 high-risk opioid users were collected from 2013-2015 in Washington State. These data were…
Patterns in completion of colorectal cancer screening using fecal immunochemical tests in a health maintenance organization setting
BACKGROUND Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a home-based stool test for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and an effective means to improve rates of CRC screening overall, and thus reduce CRC mortality. We investigated and described patient characteristics associated with completion of FIT once a physician order has been placed. METHODS Enrollees of Kaiser Permanente Washington…
Illnesses and Injuries at Nature Preschools
This study investigated the incidence of illness and injury at nature preschools compared to conventional preschools. For 14 weeks, teachers at five nature and four conventional preschools logged the number of child absences due to illness and the number of injuries that occurred at preschool. This study found no difference in illness incidence by preschool…
Correlates of HPV vaccination and association with HPV-16 and HPV-18 DNA detection in young women
BACKGROUND Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, primarily with high-risk (HR) types 16 and 18, is responsible for causing 17,600 cancers in women and 9,300 cancers in men in the US each year. However, the availability of the HPV vaccination series has substantially reduced the prevalence of vaccine-type HPV. METHODS We employed a cross-sectional study design to…
Donor Specific Antibody Surveillance and Graft Outcomes in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients
INTRODUCTION The development of de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) has been associated with rejection and graft loss in kidney transplantation, and DSA screening is now recommended in all kidney transplant recipients. However, the clinical significance of dnDSA in patients with a stable creatinine remains unclear. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of 103 patients…
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Syphilis and Hepatitis B Co-Infection Among Newly-Diagnosed HIV-Infected Adults in Durban, South Africa
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for co-infection with syphilis or hepatitis B (HBV) among newly-diagnosed HIV-infected adults in an urban township of KwaZulu-Natal. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of newly-diagnosed HIV infected adults at an outpatient HIV clinic in Durban, South Africa. Baseline demographics, socio-economic indicators, behavioral factors, substance use…
Circulating levels of soluble Fas (sCD95) are associated with risk for development of a non-resolving acute kidney injury sub-phenotype
BACKGROUND Critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) can be divided into two sub-phenotypes, resolving or non-resolving, based on the trajectory of serum creatinine. It is unknown if the biology underlying these two AKI recovery patterns is different. Study Design Prospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS A cohort of 1240 patients with systemic…
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