MPH
October 1, 2024
The Association Between Use of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children During Pregnancy and Low Birthweight Among Non-US Born Birthing People
Background: Despite immense healthcare spending per capita, maternal and infant health outcomes remain poor compared to other developed nations. Between 2012 and 2022, the rate of infants born low birthweight (LBW), defined as birthweight less than 2,500 grams or 5 1⁄2 pounds, in the United States increased by 7%. Previous studies have found that maternal…
Associations between breastfeeding intention, practice, and determinants among pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV and without HIV in western Kenya
Background: Infant morbidity and mortality remain high in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Not exclusively breastfeeding (BF) during the first six months of life contributes to 1.5 million child deaths per year . However, the prevalence of exclusive BF during the first six months is only 53.5% in East Africa (between 2010-2015) and 61% in Kenya specifically…
A mixed-methods assessment of individual and clinic-level factors associated with uptake of cervical cancer screening (CCS) services in family planning (FP) clinics in Mombasa County, Kenya
Despite the high incidence of cervical cancer and the availability of CCS services in different healthcare settings in Kenya, uptake remains low. This mixed methods study, nested within a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of an implementation strategy, the Systems Analysis and Improvement Approach (SAIA), for increasing CCS, assessed individual and facility-level barriers and…
Association of Neighborhood-Level Social Vulnerability with Preterm Birth in King County, Washington 2018-2022
Background: Preterm birth (PTB) affects one in ten US infants and remains to be a leading cause of infant morbidity, mortality, and life course adverse health outcomes. In King County, WA, the rate of PTB is higher among Black (12.1%) and American Indian/Alaska Native (15.6%) birthing people, as well as those without a college degree…
Investigating the Association between Maternal Precarious Employment and Childhood Asthma Exacerbation
The rise in poor quality employment, also known as precarious employment, over the past few decades has posed many challenges, disproportionately affecting women, impacting both their wellbeing and their families. This cross-sectional study explored the association between maternal precarious employment and childhood asthma exacerbation, a leading cause of child hospitalizations in the United States. The…
Associations between adverse childhood experiences and HIV risk behavior among adults in the United States toward the end of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been linked to HIV risk behaviors in adulthood and have not been explored after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Purpose: This study investigates the contemporary relationship between ACEs and HIV risk behaviors. Methods: This study used cross-sectional data from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and included…
Stigma and Sex Work in Dakar Senegal
In Dakar, Senegal, the approach to sex work supervision is legalization and regulation. Sex workers can register in Senegal and can participate in sex work legally while in accordance with government policies which include regular testing and health screenings. In a study conducted in Dakar by Dr. Shanthi Manian, certification rates remained low among sex…
September 26, 2024
Association of self-reported traumatic brain injury with risk factors and brain MRI markers in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Background: This study sought to characterize patterns of traumatic brain injury (TBI) prevalence in a diverse community-based cohort of older adults, and to evaluate associations of TBI with five measures of interest on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Methods and Results: In 2000-2002, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis enrolled 6814 participants from four…
Examining Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Incidence and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection During Pregnancy
Maternal mortality and morbidity in the United States continue to rise, with disparate burden experienced by socioeconomically disadvantaged and racial minority groups.1,2 Infections during pregnancy are a leading cause of morbidity during pregnancy, with urinary tract infections (UTIs) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) occurring in approximately 17-18% of pregnancies.3,4 We conducted a cohort study including pregnant…
Adolescent Nonfatal Firearm Injury Trends at a Level I Trauma Center in King County, WA, 2011-2021
Background: Firearm-related harm is a critical and growing public health problem in the United States, particularly among adolescents. Leveraging multiple data sources can provide a more complete assessment of nonfatal firearm injuries at the local-level, as national-level data may mask variations in firearm injury incidence by and within states. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used…
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