Graduate
November 18, 2020
Can passive smoking explain the higher radiation-related excess relative risk of lung cancer for women compared to men among atomic bomb survivors
Analyses of the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of atomic bomb survivors have shown a sex difference in the incidence of lung cancer in relation to radiation exposure. Specifically, the excess relative risk (ERR) of lung cancer associated with radiation exposure is observed to be higher in women compared to men (the ERR/Gy for females…
Effects of Parental Mental Illness on Common Child Health Outcomes
Background: Serious mental illness (SMI), including major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, in parents is a major public health concern. Parental mental illness can adversely affect the health and well-being of children. Prior studies have demonstrated associations between maternal depression and child physical health conditions, including infection and injury, which are leading causes of morbidity…
The human gut microbiome: methodological issues in characterization and role in trimethylamine N-oxide formation
The human gut microbiome has been of great interest in recent years and is being increasingly incorporated into epidemiological research. While early work was primarily interested in characterizing the gut microbiota within healthy individuals, studies have gradually shifted focus towards identifying associations with disease risk and outcomes. The gut microbiome has already been linked to…
Utility of next-generation sequencing for HIV antiretroviral resistance genotyping in a pragmatic clinical laboratory setting
Routine HIV antiviral resistance genotyping is an important tool in the clinical management of HIV infections and interest is growing among clinical laboratories for the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in HIV drug resistance testing. Although resistance genotyping has traditionally been conducted using Sanger sequencing methods, NGS is emerging as a powerful tool due to…
Pregnancy outcomes among women with epilepsy in Washington State, 1987-2012
Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders, is characterized by chronic recurrent seizures and may be associated with pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes for the mother and infant. We compared the occurrence of selected adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with epilepsy to occurrence among women without epilepsy with deliveries in Washington State, 1987-2012. We…
Postmortem Intestinal Sampling in Malawi
Background In LMICs, undernutrition is the leading underlying cause of child mortality, which remains unacceptably high. Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a prevalent condition in areas with lack of access to hygiene and safe sanitation could be a significant contributor to undernutrition. To better understand the role of EED in child undernutrition and mortality, accurate cause…
Genetic variation in telomere maintenance genes and survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis
INTRODUCTION Telomeres are the repetitive nucleotide sequences capping the end of chromosomes and are regulated by telomerase. Both telomere length and telomerase initiate carcinogenesis and prognosis in patients diagnosed with cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several loci related to telomere length or telomerase activity, but the association between those…
Spatio-Temporal Trends of Typhoid Fever Incidence in Kibera (2007-2015)
BACKGROUND Typhoid fever is a bloodstream infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi and transmitted either person-to-person through direct fecal-oral transmission or via environmental factors. METHODS We utilized household and clinical data from an infectious disease surveillance system in Kibera, from 2007-2015 to assess spatial and temporal patterns of typhoid fever risk in two age…
Body Mass Index and Risks of Recurrence and Mortality by Breast Cancer Subtype
BACKGROUND A key modifiable risk factor that may contribute to breast cancer prognosis is body mass index (BMI). Triple negative (TN) and HER2-overexpressing (H2E) breast cancers are particularly aggressive molecular subtypes where lifestyle-focused interventions may be particularly impactful. METHODS We conducted a population-based case–case study of 4,557 women aged 20–69 years diagnosed with invasive breast…
Effects of Parental Mental Illness on Common Child Health Outcomes
Background: Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has not been well-characterized in large population studies with clinically adjudicated cases. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of adults who underwent allogeneic HCT between 2006 and 2015 to determine the incidence of and risk factors for TA-TMA, and to describe its natural…
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