Graduate
November 18, 2020
Spatio-Temporal Trends of Typhoid Fever Incidence in Kibera (2007-2015)
BACKGROUND Typhoid fever is a bloodstream infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi and transmitted either person-to-person through direct fecal-oral transmission or via environmental factors. METHODS We utilized household and clinical data from an infectious disease surveillance system in Kibera, from 2007-2015 to assess spatial and temporal patterns of typhoid fever risk in two age…
Body Mass Index and Risks of Recurrence and Mortality by Breast Cancer Subtype
BACKGROUND A key modifiable risk factor that may contribute to breast cancer prognosis is body mass index (BMI). Triple negative (TN) and HER2-overexpressing (H2E) breast cancers are particularly aggressive molecular subtypes where lifestyle-focused interventions may be particularly impactful. METHODS We conducted a population-based case–case study of 4,557 women aged 20–69 years diagnosed with invasive breast…
Effects of Parental Mental Illness on Common Child Health Outcomes
Background: Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has not been well-characterized in large population studies with clinically adjudicated cases. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of adults who underwent allogeneic HCT between 2006 and 2015 to determine the incidence of and risk factors for TA-TMA, and to describe its natural…
Sex Misclassification in the BRFSS and its Implications for Assessing Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Reproductive Health: A Quantitative Bias Analysis
National surveys based on probability sampling methods, such as the Behavior Risk Factor and Surveillance Survey (BRFSS), are crucial tools for unbiased estimates of disparities in health and healthcare access among gender minorities. The BRFSS began offering an optional sexual orientation and gender identity module in 2014, capturing transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) identity among…
Hospital Resource Utilization and Presence of Advance Directives at the End of Life for Adults with Congenital Heart Disease
OBJECTIVE Overall healthcare resource utilization by adults with congenital heart disease has increased dramatically in the last two decades. No prior studies have examined utilization at the end of life. The objective of this study is to better understand the patterns and influences on the intensity of care at the end of life for adults…
Transplant-Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is a Multifactorial Disease Unresponsive to Immunosuppressant Withdrawal
Background: Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has not been well-characterized in large population studies with clinically adjudicated cases. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of adults who underwent allogeneic HCT between 2006 and 2015 to determine the incidence of and risk factors for TA-TMA, and to describe its natural…
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI), H2 Blocker Use, and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in Children
BACKGROUND Previous longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have shown that changes in the composition of the gut microbiota are associated with IBD. Thus, it is plausible that drugs that alter the microbiome may increase the risk of future IBD. Previous studies have examined the association of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) and H2-receptor antagonists (H2 blockers) with…
Awareness of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Predictors of Interest in PrEP Among HIV-negative Persons Who Inject Drugs in Seattle, Washington
Background: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is safe and effective for use in people who inject drugs (PWID), but studies indicate that PrEP is underutilized in this population. We assessed awareness of PrEP and investigated predictors of interest in PrEP among PWID in Seattle, Washington. Methods: This study analyzed data from a 2019 survey of PWID…
Rotavirus vaccines in low-income settings
BACKGROUND An estimated 200,000 deaths due to rotavirus diarrhea occur annually in children with most of the burden in low-income settings. Rotavirus is a double stranded RNA virus transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Without a vaccine, nearly all children <5 years old become infected with rotavirus and recurrent infection is common. Rotavirus vaccines continue to…
Investigating the sexual partnerships of transgender women in Lima, Peru to improve targeted HIV interventions
Background: Transgender women (TW) have a high burden of HIV but remain understudied in HIV research. One poorly understood aspect of HIV risk among TW is the source of HIV infection in epidemics driven by sexual transmission. TW primarily report sexual partnerships with hetero- or bisexual cisgender men, populations that generally have a low HIV…
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