Graduate
November 18, 2020
Unexpected consequences of cannabis legalization on youth
In 2014, Oregon became the 3rd state to legalize the local production, processing and sale of cannabis to persons 21 and older for non-medical use. The nature and direction of the impacts of this initiative on neighborhoods, underage commercial product use and juvenile justice are unknown. As more states turn to decriminalizing cannabis and opening…
From pediatric to adolescent HIV: mortality, viral suppression and transition to adult care
University of Washington Abstract From pediatric to adolescent HIV: mortality, viral suppression and transition to adult care Irene Nyambura Njuguna Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Grace John-Stewart Departments of Global Health and Epidemiology Introduction: Global scale-up of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) programs and expansion of pediatric HIV testing and treatment have…
Urethral sexual exposures: relationship with prevalent nongonococcal urethritis, the urethral microbiota, and resolution of symptoms
Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), the most common male genital tract syndrome, is often caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). However, up to 50% of cases are of unknown etiology, and yet-unidentified pathogens and polymicrobial communities likely play a role in some of these cases. Studies suggest that specific urethral sexual exposures influence the…
Impact of mental health on HIV-related outcomes in a South African township
HIV continues to be a significant public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, with South Africa currently having the largest HIV epidemic. Additionally, there is a paucity of research exploring the potential effects of mental health on HIV-related outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. Our objective was to better understand the impact of mental health on the course…
PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) adherence among East African women
HIV incidence remains disproportionately high for women, particularly young women, in Sub-Saharan Africa; women are also at heightened risk while pregnant, which may account for a substantial portion of their adult lives. Although HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in pill form is known to be efficacious for women, there remain unanswered questions about adherence in open-label…
Effect of road safety-conscious motorcycle taxi programs on riding behaviors and risk of road traffic crash among motorcycle taxi drivers in Kampala, Uganda
Background: SafeBoda is a private transportation company that started providing motorcycle taxi services in Kampala in 2015. Prior to the introduction of SafeBoda, motorcycle taxi services in Kampala were entirely provided by independent motorcycle taxi drivers with limited formal training on road safety and proclivity for risky riding behaviors (e.g., driving without protective gear and…
Prevalence and correlates of repeat testing during pregnancy and postpartum in rural Kenya
BACKGROUND Repeat HIV testing during pregnancy and the postpartum period is crucial for early detection and treatment of incident maternal HIV infection, and to achieve elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT). World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend repeat testing of peripartum HIV negative women but data on implementation are lacking. The objective of this study…
Eplet mismatches and de novo donor-specific antibody development in pediatric kidney transplant recipients
Background: The presence of HLA de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) is associated, probably causally, with failure of kidney transplants. In a pediatric kidney transplant population, we sought to determine the extent to which eplet mismatches (MM) are associated with the development of dnDSA. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of pediatric kidney transplant recipients…
Antiretroviral medication prescription errors and associated factors among HIV infected children in selected health facilities in Nairobi, Kenya
BACKGROUND Access to life saving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in many resource-limited settings has increased, yet more than 30% of children on ART do not achieve viral suppression. Multiple factors contribute to viral suppression including patient, drug and health system factors. Infants and children require continuous medication dose adjustments in response to changing pharmacodynamics and inappropriate…
Molecular epidemiology of the multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli sequence type 131-H30 lineage among U.S. Children
Escherichia coli sequence type 131-H30 is a globally important pathogen implicated in rising rates of antimicrobial resistance among extraintestinal E. coli infections. H30 causes both community- and healthcare-associated infections, and is associated with resistance to several commonly used antimicrobial agents. This dissertation addresses several knowledge gaps about the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of H30 among…
Previous page Next page