Graduate
November 18, 2020
Evaluating risk factors and synergistic effects of two common HIV-1 coinfections: schistosomiasis and trichomoniasis
INTRODUCTION HIV-1 coinfections have long been suspected of catalyzing the HIV-1 epidemic by increasing HIV-1 transmission or acquisition risk. The geographical distribution of coinfections may explain why some regions have been more heavily impacted by HIV-1. The primary objective of this dissertation was to expand our understanding of two common HIV-1 coinfections that have been…
A Concurrent and Longitudinal Analysis of Teacher Support, Stressful Life Events, and Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescence
Introduction: Depression is a major public health issue globally and is associated with a variety of undesirable outcomes. This analysis examines the concurrent and prospective associations between teacher social support and depressive symptoms in middle school-aged youth and the ways that this association may depend on stressful life events and sex, as informed by the…
The role of individual and community level social and cultural connectedness in modifying the effect of childhood adversity on anxiety and depression in American Indian college students
BACKGROUND While causes of anxiety and depression are multifactorial, chronic and acute stress experiences play an important role. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), are sources of childhood stress for which a dose-response relationship with anxiety and depression symptoms across the lifespan has been well established. American Indian and Alaskan Natives (AIANs) experience significantly more ACEs compared…
Effects of Washington’s opioid prescribing rules for chronic, non-cancer pain management on opioid overdose mortality and pharmaceutical opioid distribution: 1999-2017
Background Since the 1990s, the opioid crisis has affected individuals and communities across the United States. National and statewide comprehensive efforts to address the problem include policies to prevent opioid addiction, identify opioid-addicted individuals, and provide effective treatment. In Washington state, in response to rising prescription opioid-related overdose deaths, the legislature passed the Engrossed Substitute…
Assessment of Repeat HIV Testing and Utilization of HIV Self-Testing to Increase Repeat Testing Amongst Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Kisumu County, Kenya
University of Washington Abstract Assessment of Repeat HIV Testing and Utilization of HIV Self-Testing to Increase Repeat Testing Amongst Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Kisumu County, Kenya Patrick Oyaro Owiti Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Jared Baeten, Department of Epidemiology Repeat HIV testing of pregnant and postpartum women is key to prevention of mother-to-child transmission…
Plasma Amyloid, Inflammatory Markers, and Risk of Dementia in the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study
Most individuals with dementia have mixed neurodegenerative and vascular pathologies that may interact to accelerate cognitive decline. Prior studies have shown that two vascular inflammatory markers (pentraxin 3 and serum amyloid P) and plasma amyloid are associated with dementia, though results have been inconsistent. Using weighted Cox proportional hazards regression, we evaluated the joint associations…
Antidepressant medication continuation during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes, including gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, and birth weight
BACKGROUND Every year, approximately 7–8% of pregnant women in the US (~300,000 women) use antidepressants. Use of certain antidepressants in non-pregnant populations has been associated with weight loss, whereas others have been associated with weight gain; in pregnant women, the association of antidepressant use and gestational weight gain has not been thoroughly investigated. Some studies…
Unexpected consequences of cannabis legalization on youth
In 2014, Oregon became the 3rd state to legalize the local production, processing and sale of cannabis to persons 21 and older for non-medical use. The nature and direction of the impacts of this initiative on neighborhoods, underage commercial product use and juvenile justice are unknown. As more states turn to decriminalizing cannabis and opening…
From pediatric to adolescent HIV: mortality, viral suppression and transition to adult care
University of Washington Abstract From pediatric to adolescent HIV: mortality, viral suppression and transition to adult care Irene Nyambura Njuguna Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Grace John-Stewart Departments of Global Health and Epidemiology Introduction: Global scale-up of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) programs and expansion of pediatric HIV testing and treatment have…
Urethral sexual exposures: relationship with prevalent nongonococcal urethritis, the urethral microbiota, and resolution of symptoms
Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), the most common male genital tract syndrome, is often caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). However, up to 50% of cases are of unknown etiology, and yet-unidentified pathogens and polymicrobial communities likely play a role in some of these cases. Studies suggest that specific urethral sexual exposures influence the…
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