Graduate
November 18, 2020
Respiratory Viral Coinfection in a Birth Cohort of Infants in Rural Nepal
Acute respiratory illnesses are a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality in children. Although the effects of each virus have been studied individually, impacts of coinfection on disease severity are less understood. A secondary analysis was performed of a maternal influenza vaccine trial conducted between 2011-2014 in Nepal. Prospective weekly household-based active surveillance of…
Metabolic syndrome following hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and among HIV infected adults: understanding cardiovascular disease risk
In this dissertation we discuss the findings of two studies that describe the burden of the Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Kenya, a low resource setting with increasing incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other non-communicable diseases (NCD.). In these two complementary studies, we evaluate the risk of MetS in two different study populations,…
Contraception and HIV-1 prevention among women in Africa: informing choices amid expanding options
Introduction Options for both contraception and HIV-1 prevention are expanding in sub-Saharan Africa, offering important opportunities to provide women with products they need to achieve their prevention goals. Decision-making in the face of many options is complex, and we aimed to generate evidence to inform women’s selection of contraception and HIV-1 prevention with the following…
Inflammation and right ventricular structure and function in health and disease
Right heart failure is common and serious. For the vast majority of patients with right heart failure there are few if any treatments beyond diuretics, salt, and fluid management. The lack of drug development in this area may be anchored in the erroneous belief that the right heart is a passive observer in physiology that…
Elevated vaginal pH levels and HPV among Senegalese women
Our investigation aimed to explore the extent to which elevated vaginal pH is associated with prevalent HPV infection among a cohort of Senegalese women ages 18-84. Sub-Saharan Africa has the greatest global burden of vaginal dysbiosis and the highest prevalence of HPV infection among women (24%). Globally, Africa has the highest estimated age-standardized cervical cancer…
Differences by Latino and White MSM in HIV-Related Stigma in Seattle, WA
Background: Despite advances in the care and treatment of people living with HIV infection, HIV-related stigma remains a challenge to HIV testing, care, and prevention. HIV disproportionately affects Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) and previous work has cited stigma as a barrier to HIV prevention practices in this population. Because stigma promotes…
Trajectories of Suicide Mortality in US Counties from 2000-2017 and the Influence of Selective Migration
Objectives: To identify five distinct latent trajectory classes of suicide mortality among US Counties from 2000 to 2017 and to compare these trajectories to each county’s cumulative net migration over the study period to assess the influence of population change due to migration as a potential measure of economic opportunity. Methods: The annual county suicide…
Dietary Sources of Melamine Exposure Among Participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2004)
Background: Melamine is an industrially synthesized commercial chemical present in animal feed, pesticides, and fertilizers. High levels of melamine exposure due to historical food adulteration events have led to acute renal failure. Low level melamine exposure is pervasive in the general population, and chronic low-level exposure may lead to negative health consequences. Melamine has been…
Mathematical modeling to inform implementation of HIV prevention programs in the United States
Despite advances in the detection and treatment of HIV, the incidence of infection in the United States has increased in some subgroups over the past decade and remained stable in others. These trends point to a need for improved strategies for prevention that take into account the social, behavioral, and clinical context of different target…
Health Conditions of Particular Concern to Maternal Child Health Populations in Post-Invasion Iraq: A Comparison Between Data Sources
Reproductive age women and children face injuries, higher rates of infectious diseases, and limited health seeking behavior in times of armed conflict – all of which can contribute to adverse health outcomes. This cross-sectional study evaluated the burden (prevalence) of 16 diseases of particular concern to maternal and child health populations from the early days…
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