MS
January 12, 2021
Psychiatric diagnoses in children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease
Background: Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are subject to a myriad of complex physical and psychosocial challenges, which may confer increased risk of developing a psychiatric disorder when compared with the general population. Currently available studies are limited by small sample size, narrow geographic region, or inconsistent disease definitions. This study uses a large…
November 25, 2020
Cattle-associated risk factors for human tuberculosis in rural livestock keeping communities, Uganda
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious cause of human death worldwide. TB can also infect cattle, resulting in productivity losses, trade barriers, and zoonotic transmission via milk, meat, or direct contact. While the majority of TB cases are non-zoonotic, an unknown proportion are acquired from cattle; in Africa, this proportion is estimated to be 0.4%…
Illnesses and Injuries at Nature Preschools
This study investigated the incidence of illness and injury at nature preschools compared to conventional preschools. For 14 weeks, teachers at five nature and four conventional preschools logged the number of child absences due to illness and the number of injuries that occurred at preschool. This study found no difference in illness incidence by preschool…
Donor Specific Antibody Surveillance and Graft Outcomes in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients
INTRODUCTION The development of de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) has been associated with rejection and graft loss in kidney transplantation, and DSA screening is now recommended in all kidney transplant recipients. However, the clinical significance of dnDSA in patients with a stable creatinine remains unclear. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of 103 patients…
Circulating levels of soluble Fas (sCD95) are associated with risk for development of a non-resolving acute kidney injury sub-phenotype
BACKGROUND Critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) can be divided into two sub-phenotypes, resolving or non-resolving, based on the trajectory of serum creatinine. It is unknown if the biology underlying these two AKI recovery patterns is different. Study Design Prospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS A cohort of 1240 patients with systemic…
Modern-Day SIV Viral Diversity Generated by Extensive Recombination and Cross-Species Transmission.
Cross-species transmission (CST) has led to many devastating epidemics, but is still a poorly understood phenomenon. HIV-1 and HIV-2 (human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2), which have collectively caused over 35 million deaths, are the result of multiple CSTs from chimpanzees, gorillas, and sooty mangabeys. While the immediate history of HIV is known, there are…
Treatment practices of patients with advanced kidney disease in the US Department of Veterans Affairs, 2000-2011
It is not known what proportion of US patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) receive renal replacement therapy (RRT) with maintenance dialysis or kidney transplant. In other developed countries, receipt of RRT is highly age-dependent and is the exception rather than the rule at older ages. We conducted a retrospective study of a national…
CYP2D6 inherited variation and inhibiting medication use in relation to adverse breast cancer outcomes after tamoxifen therapy
Tamoxifen (TAM) is widely used to reduce the risk of breast cancer (BC) recurrence and prolong disease-free survival among women with estrogen-sensitive breast cancers. TAM efficacy is thought to be attributable largely to the actions of its active metabolite, endoxifen, and must undergo biotransformation catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP2D6. Endogenous variation in CYP2D6…
Air pollution exposure and novel biomarkers of inflammation and cardiac stress in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air)
Epidemiologic evidence indicates a causal association between long-term air pollution exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood. Inflammation in the lungs that spreads to the rest of the body may result in systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. Subsequently, this inflammatory state may lead to endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis,…
Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of fractures in older adults: a population-based retrospective cohort study
OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the incidence of fractures. DESIGN: Prospective population-based cohort SETTING: Group Health, an integrated health maintenance organization in Seattle, WA using data from 1994-2014. PARTICIPANTS: Four thousand four hundred and forty-one participants aged 65 and older who had not sustained a fracture in the…
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