MS
November 24, 2020
The Mutational Landscape of Recurrent vs Non-Recurrent Human Papillomavirus-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer
Current therapies are effective for a subset of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck cancers (HNC), although up to a quarter of these cases fail treatment. Identification of genomic alterations associated with therapeutic response or lack thereof from the outset of treatment would have substantial clinical implications. We hypothesized that HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma…
Subclinical tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults: Clinical features and outcomes in a South African cohort
OBJECTIVE Describe the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and mortality risk for HIV-infected adults with subclinical tuberculosis. DESIGN Untreated HIV-infected adults presenting for outpatient care in Durban, South Africa were screened for tuberculosis-related symptoms and had sputum tested by acid-fast bacilli smear and tuberculosis culture. Active tuberculosis and subclinical tuberculosis were defined as having any tuberculosis symptom…
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Memory Function in Nepal: Findings from the Dhulikhel Heart Study
BACKGROUND Although a growing number of studies are focusing their attention on cognitive domains, fewer studies have been conducted in developing countries. Previous studies have suggested that cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors may be related to cognitive health or impairment. In the present study, we assessed the associations of CVD risk factors with short-term memory…
Implications of combined exposure to household air pollution and HIV on neurodevelopment in Kenyan children
OBJECTIVES Exposure to air pollution is associated with numerous impacts on health, including neurodevelopmental function. The purpose of this study was to estimate the magnitude of air pollution exposure based on environmental carbon monoxide (CO) measures and assessment of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a metabolite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), among school-aged HIV-infected and uninfected children in…
Defining Optimal T-Cell Characteristics for Pediatric Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell Trials
BACKGROUND Engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have emerged as a powerful, highly personalized immunotherapy in pediatric cancer. Early phase clinical trials using CAR T cells targeting CD19 have resulted in complete response (CR) rates as high as 93% in children with relapsed and refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Despite this success, there are…
November 23, 2020
Impact of Cancer, Cancer Directed Therapy and Its Lasting Effects on Employment and Finances in Young Adult Cancer Survivors
BACKGROUND Young adult (YA) cancer survivors face challenges unique from survivors of childhood cancer or older adults. The potential impact of cancer or its treatment upon employment and financial burden in YAs are not fully known. METHODS We conducted a multi-center, cross-sectional study of YA cancer survivors. Eligibility included diagnosis of malignancy between ages 18-39,…
November 19, 2020
The impact of chronic kidney disease on chronic school absenteeism
Background: School absenteeism is an important predictor of low academic success. Children with chronic illness are at increased risk of school absenteeism due to disease-specific and psychosocial factors. The prevalence of chronic school absenteeism is not well described in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. Objective: The purpose of this study was to document the…
Demographic Characteristics and Diagnostic Performance of Pathologists who Enjoy Interpreting Melanocytic Skin Lesions
Background: Diagnostic errors among pathologists when interpreting melanocytic skin lesions (MSL) is an ongoing concern for patient safety and quality of care. The number of skin biopsies has increased annually over the past decade, subsequently applying a higher demand on pathologists’ work performance. Given that physician job satisfaction can plausibly impact upon patient care, we…
Resolution of Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Association with Emergency Department Fluid Management Patterns
Background: Sepsis is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is associated with poor outcomes including progression to chronic kidney disease, increased intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and mortality. Recent evidence suggests that trajectory of AKI (duration and resolution/persistence), rather than KDIGO stage, is associated with these poor outcomes….
November 18, 2020
Beta Lactam and Other Antibiotic Allergies in Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients
Background Patients with reported beta lactam antibiotic allergies (BLA) are more likely to receive broad-spectrum antibiotics and experience adverse outcomes. Data on the burden of beta lactam and other antibiotic allergies among solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients are limited. Methods We reviewed records of first-time adult SOT or allogeneic HCT…
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