MS
November 25, 2020
Circulating levels of soluble Fas (sCD95) are associated with risk for development of a non-resolving acute kidney injury sub-phenotype
BACKGROUND Critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) can be divided into two sub-phenotypes, resolving or non-resolving, based on the trajectory of serum creatinine. It is unknown if the biology underlying these two AKI recovery patterns is different. Study Design Prospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS A cohort of 1240 patients with systemic…
Modern-Day SIV Viral Diversity Generated by Extensive Recombination and Cross-Species Transmission.
Cross-species transmission (CST) has led to many devastating epidemics, but is still a poorly understood phenomenon. HIV-1 and HIV-2 (human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2), which have collectively caused over 35 million deaths, are the result of multiple CSTs from chimpanzees, gorillas, and sooty mangabeys. While the immediate history of HIV is known, there are…
Treatment practices of patients with advanced kidney disease in the US Department of Veterans Affairs, 2000-2011
It is not known what proportion of US patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) receive renal replacement therapy (RRT) with maintenance dialysis or kidney transplant. In other developed countries, receipt of RRT is highly age-dependent and is the exception rather than the rule at older ages. We conducted a retrospective study of a national…
CYP2D6 inherited variation and inhibiting medication use in relation to adverse breast cancer outcomes after tamoxifen therapy
Tamoxifen (TAM) is widely used to reduce the risk of breast cancer (BC) recurrence and prolong disease-free survival among women with estrogen-sensitive breast cancers. TAM efficacy is thought to be attributable largely to the actions of its active metabolite, endoxifen, and must undergo biotransformation catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP2D6. Endogenous variation in CYP2D6…
Air pollution exposure and novel biomarkers of inflammation and cardiac stress in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air)
Epidemiologic evidence indicates a causal association between long-term air pollution exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood. Inflammation in the lungs that spreads to the rest of the body may result in systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. Subsequently, this inflammatory state may lead to endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis,…
Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of fractures in older adults: a population-based retrospective cohort study
OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the incidence of fractures. DESIGN: Prospective population-based cohort SETTING: Group Health, an integrated health maintenance organization in Seattle, WA using data from 1994-2014. PARTICIPANTS: Four thousand four hundred and forty-one participants aged 65 and older who had not sustained a fracture in the…
Mortality and perinatal infectious complications following home birth in Washington State: 2003-2014
Planned home birth is defined as a pregnancy in which the mother intends to deliver at home. Washington State has one of the highest proportions of home births in the United States (2.3%), more than double the national average. Despite the rapid rise in popularity of the home birth movement over the last decade, controversy…
November 24, 2020
Heterogeneity in survival among adult cystic fibrosis patients with low lung function in the United States
Background Lung transplantation (LTx) is frequently considered for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) when FEV1 reaches <30%. This study estimated transplant-free survival for patients with CF and FEV1 <30% and identified predictors of transplant-free survival. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry, 1/1/2003-12/31/2013. Adult patients (≥18 years) with…
Sex-specific Associations of Maternal Birthweight with Offspring Birthweight in the Omega Study: The role of pre-pregnancy body mass index
Background: Birth weight is an indicator of fetal growth and development, important determinants of life course health. Maternal birthweight (BW) is one of the strongest predictors of offspring BW, perpetuating generational cycles of poor health and risk for adverse birth outcomes. However, potential non-linear relationships or modifying or mediating factors of maternal and offspring BW…
New statin use and left ventricular structure: estimating long-term associations in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Recent treatment guidelines in the United States have increased the number of statin-eligible individuals. While statin use is associated with a modest reduction in heart failure hospitalizations in meta-analyses of statin trials, the mechanism is unclear. Only small and short-term studies have evaluated statins in relation to changes in heart structure. We estimated the association…
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