MPH
November 23, 2020
Correlates of Virologic Failure Among Breastfeeding Postpartum Kenyan Women on Option B+
BACKGROUND Option B+ is an HIV/AIDS intervention strategy that streamlines antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery to pregnant and breastfeeding women in order to improve treatment outcomes, but treatment outcomes have yet to be fully described in field settings. Our study examines the distribution of virologic failure in plasma, breast milk, and endocervical secretions among postpartum breastfeeding…
Epidemiological Evaluation of Phylogenetic Clustering and Meeting Sexual Partners at Social Venues Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in Lima, Peru
New HIV infections in the Americas are predominately occurring among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW).1 In Peru, there is a concentrated epidemic among MSM and TW, for whom the HIV prevalence exceeds 20% while the general HIV prevalence is less than one percent.2 This study sought to identify geographic…
The association between sexual subjectivity and sexual health outcomes both negative and positive in a sample of women
BACKGROUND The role of psychosocial constructs such as assertiveness and self-efficacy has increasingly been acknowledged as an important component of research and interventions directed at young women’s sexual health. The female sexual subjectivity inventory (FSSI) was developed to measure five distinct factors of young women’s experiences of sexual pleasure and empowerment as agentic sexual beings:…
November 19, 2020
Headache after Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Background: Headache symptoms are a major contributor to chronic pain after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We investigated associations between headache symptoms after TBI and both psychological symptoms (depression and anxiety) and patient reported outcomes (satisfaction with life and loss of employment). Methods: A cohort of 408 individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI was prospectively followed for…
Financial incentives to increase pediatric HIV testing in Kenya: A pilot randomized clinical trial
Background Initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) prior to the onset of symptomatic disease improves survival in HIV-infected children. However, HIV diagnosis in children is often delayed due to caregiver reluctance to test and financial barriers. A pilot study was conducted to assess acceptability of financial incentives to motivate pediatric testing, and to determine incentive amount and…
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus among newly-diagnosed HIV-infected South African Adults
Abstract Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus among newly-diagnosed HIV-infected South African Adults Joseph Murphy Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Paul Drain, MD Department of Epidemiology Background: Non-communicable diseases and their risk factors, including diabetes mellitus, have been increasing in HIV-endemic resource-limited settings. We sought to determine the prevalence and risk factors for diabetes…
Outpatient Antibiotic Parenteral Therapy in Vulnerable Populations: People Who Inject Drugs and the Homeless
BACKGROUND Serious infections that require prolonged parenteral antimicrobial therapy are common among people who inject drugs (PWID) and people who are homeless; and creating an outpatient antibiotic treatment plan can be challenging. We examined patient outcomes of our outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) program, with a focus on PWID and the homeless, to evaluate program…
November 18, 2020
Differences by Victim Race and Ethnicity in Race and Ethnicity Motivated Violent Bias Crimes: A National Study
BACKGROUND Over 80% of bias motivated violent victimization is motivated by race or ethnicity and over 50% of bias victimization occurs in Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). Our aim was to determine the risk and health impacts of race/ethnicity motivated violent victimization by victim race/ethnicity. METHODS We examined data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (2003-2015) to…
Worldwide HIV Virulence Evolution in Response to Changes in Prevalence and Treatment Coverage
Introduction Whether worldwide HIV virulence has been increasing, decreasing, or remaining constant through time is still debated. Modeling work has suggested that prevalence and treatment coverage within countries may impact HIV virulence evolution at the population level, but these factors have not yet been considered in data analyses of HIV virulence changes. Additionally, disparities in…
Occupational Exposures and Subclinical Interstitial Lung Disease: The MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) Air–Lung Study
RATIONALE The impact of a broad range of occupational exposures on subclinical interstitial lung disease (ILD) has not been studied. Objectives: To determine whether occupational exposures to vapors, gas, dust, and fumes (VGDF) are associated with high-attenuation areas (HAAs) and interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs4 ), which are quantitative and qualitative computed tomography (CT)–based measurements of…
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