MPH
November 18, 2020
Differences by Victim Race and Ethnicity in Race and Ethnicity Motivated Violent Bias Crimes: A National Study
BACKGROUND Over 80% of bias motivated violent victimization is motivated by race or ethnicity and over 50% of bias victimization occurs in Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). Our aim was to determine the risk and health impacts of race/ethnicity motivated violent victimization by victim race/ethnicity. METHODS We examined data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (2003-2015) to…
Worldwide HIV Virulence Evolution in Response to Changes in Prevalence and Treatment Coverage
Introduction Whether worldwide HIV virulence has been increasing, decreasing, or remaining constant through time is still debated. Modeling work has suggested that prevalence and treatment coverage within countries may impact HIV virulence evolution at the population level, but these factors have not yet been considered in data analyses of HIV virulence changes. Additionally, disparities in…
Occupational Exposures and Subclinical Interstitial Lung Disease: The MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) Air–Lung Study
RATIONALE The impact of a broad range of occupational exposures on subclinical interstitial lung disease (ILD) has not been studied. Objectives: To determine whether occupational exposures to vapors, gas, dust, and fumes (VGDF) are associated with high-attenuation areas (HAAs) and interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs4 ), which are quantitative and qualitative computed tomography (CT)–based measurements of…
The Impact of Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs on Antibiotic Resistance and Prescribing
BACKGROUND The spread of antibiotic resistance has spurred the development of hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). In this observational study, the effects of hospital ASPs on antibiotic isolate susceptibility and antibiotic days of therapy (DOT) were assessed amongst inpatients at two hospitals in Seattle, WA: one children’s hospital and one general acute care hospital. METHODS…
Relationship power and partner support for family planning among postpartum adolescents in Kenya
Abstract Background: Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa have significant unmet need for family planning (FP). Lack of partner support for FP may be a barrier to contraceptive use, and low relationship power may negatively impact AGYW’s ability to negotiate FP use and fertility desires with their partners. Research on partner support…
Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus illness in children and adults in Seattle, WA over five seasons
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important cause of pneumonia in children aged <5 years worldwide and can cause severe disease in elderly and high-risk adults. Multiple RSV strains co-circulate and evolve over seasons. We seek to describe the molecular epidemiology and evolution of RSV over five seasons in Seattle, WA, USA. Methods:…
Predictability of West Nile virus based on climate variables in Washington State
This study assesses the association between regional, monthly climate variables, including mean, minimum, and maximum temperature and total precipitation, with the following outcome variables: regional, monthly mosquito population size; regional, monthly West Nile Virus (WNV) mosquito maximum likelihood estimates (MLE); and regional, monthly human WNV incidence between 2007-2017. This study used data provided by NASA’s…
Respiratory Viral Coinfection in a Birth Cohort of Infants in Rural Nepal
Acute respiratory illnesses are a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality in children. Although the effects of each virus have been studied individually, impacts of coinfection on disease severity are less understood. A secondary analysis was performed of a maternal influenza vaccine trial conducted between 2011-2014 in Nepal. Prospective weekly household-based active surveillance of…
Differences by Latino and White MSM in HIV-Related Stigma in Seattle, WA
Background: Despite advances in the care and treatment of people living with HIV infection, HIV-related stigma remains a challenge to HIV testing, care, and prevention. HIV disproportionately affects Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) and previous work has cited stigma as a barrier to HIV prevention practices in this population. Because stigma promotes…
Dietary Sources of Melamine Exposure Among Participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2004)
Background: Melamine is an industrially synthesized commercial chemical present in animal feed, pesticides, and fertilizers. High levels of melamine exposure due to historical food adulteration events have led to acute renal failure. Low level melamine exposure is pervasive in the general population, and chronic low-level exposure may lead to negative health consequences. Melamine has been…
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