MPH
November 25, 2020
HIV Status and Risk Factors for Hypertension in South African Adults
Background: As treatment innovations increase the life expectancy of those with HIV, the relationship between HIV infection, hypertension risk and subsequent CVD is increasingly important to understand. We investigated the relationship between HIV infection and hypertension among a cohort of ART-naïve South African adults presenting for voluntary HIV screening. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational…
Safer Conception Among HIV-1 Sero-Discordant Couples in East Africa: Understanding Knowledge, Attitudes, and Experiences
Context: Supporting people affected by HIV-1 in achieving their reproductive goals while minimizing the risk of HIV-1 transmission is a public health imperative. Background: For HIV-1 serodiscordant couples, HIV-1 exposure and risk of transmission to the uninfected partner and unborn children is heightened during pregnancy attempts but safer conception strategies can mitigate risk. Understanding couples’…
Power, privilege and HIV prevalence: examination of sexual HIV-risk factors in MSM and transgender women who engage in transactional sex
Objective: To understand power-related predictors for risky sexual behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM) and Transgender Women (TW) at high risk for HIV infection in Lima, Peru. Methods: Survey data from a cross-sectional sample were analyzed. Risk of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) associated with different transactional sex roles (i.e. giving money or…
Constructing and evaluating alternative prediction models for identifying clinically relevant cases in an STD clinic
Background: Many STD clinics have incorporated “express visits” – testing-only visits without a clinician evaluation. To identify which patients can safely receive express care at the Public Health–Seattle & King County (PHSKC) STD Clinic, we constructed and evaluated alternative triage algorithms based on computer assisted self-interview (CASI) responses. Methods: We evaluated the performance of the…
Sexual behavior patterns and condom use in newly sexually active female university students
Objectives: Describe sexual behavior patterns and condom use in newly sexually active female university students. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study (years 2000 – 2007) of university women enrolled either before or within three months of sexual debut who completed Web-based sexual behavior diaries biweekly and attended clinic visits every four months for up…
Host and environmental correlates of multi-drug resistance in Kenyan children with acute bacterial diarrhea
Bacterial diarrhea results in significant morbidity and mortality in children in sub-Saharan Africa. Antibiotic treatment can be a life-saving intervention, but the emergence of antibiotic resistance limits its clinical efficacy. Data on the burden and risk factors for antibiotic resistance in enteric pathogens are needed to inform diarrhea management recommendations and resistance control interventions. Stool/rectal…
November 24, 2020
Performance of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for diagnosis of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection in a clinical setting
Background FDA-approved ELISA assays for determining type-specific herpes simplex virus (HSV) serostatus are widely used in clinics. We compared the performance of such assays with the University of Washington western blot (UW WB) in patients who sought confirmation of their HSV serostatus. Methods We reviewed charts of all persons evaluated at the Westover Heights Clinic…
Polyomavirus-negative Merkel cell carcinoma: a more aggressive subtype based on analysis of 282 cases using multi-modal tumor virus detection
Previous studies have reached conflicting conclusions regarding the proportion of Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs) that contain the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and the clinical significance of tumor viral status. To address these controversies, we detected MCPyV large T antigen using immunohistochemistry with two distinct antibodies and viral DNA using quantitative PCR. Tumors were called virus-positive…
Intimate Partner Violence among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative Pregnant Women Receiving Partner Services in Kisumu, Kenya: Correlates and Incidence during Postpartum
Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of violence amongst women. IPV experienced during pregnancy can expose women and their babies to fatal and non-fatal adverse outcomes. This study assessed socio-demographic factors associated with current or past intimate partner violence to better identify women who are at risk or those currently experiencing…
Role of Support Persons in Adolescent and Young Adult Voluntary HIV Testing and Counseling in Kenya
University of Washington Abstract Role of Support Persons in Adolescent and Young Adult Voluntary HIV Testing and Counseling in Kenya Jillian Neary Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Jennifer Slyker, MSc, PhD Assistant Professor, Global Health Adjunct Assistant Professor, Epidemiology Background: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) are the only age stratum in which HIV incidence and…
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