MPH
November 23, 2020
The Association of Sleep Apnea and Cancer in Veterans
OBJECTIVE To test the association between pre-existing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and subsequent cancer in a large, long-term cohort of veteran patients. METHODS This retrospective matched cohort study included all veteran patients diagnosed with OSA 1993-2013 by ICD-9 codes in any Veterans Affairs facility and probability matched veteran patients without OSA. Cancer diagnoses were identified…
The Effect of the Shikamana Peer-and-Provider Intervention on Depressive Symptoms, Alcohol Use, and Other Drug Use among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men (GBMSM) in Kenya
Kenyan gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) face unique stigma and discrimination, which may contribute to adverse mental health symptoms, and could limit antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among GBMSM living with HIV. This secondary analysis of data from a randomized pilot study evaluated whether the Shikamana peer-and-provider intervention was associated…
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Illicit Drug Use as Risk Factors for Onward HIV Transmission Among Men Who Have Sex with Men & Transgender Women in Lima, Peru
In 2016, there were about 70,000 (55,00–94,000) people living with HIV in Peru, with a prevalence of 16.4% among men who have sex with men (MSM) and 18.5% among transgender people.1 The aim of this study was to assess the association of heavy drinking, AUDIT score, tobacco use, and illicit drug use as independent risk…
Correlates of Virologic Failure Among Breastfeeding Postpartum Kenyan Women on Option B+
BACKGROUND Option B+ is an HIV/AIDS intervention strategy that streamlines antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery to pregnant and breastfeeding women in order to improve treatment outcomes, but treatment outcomes have yet to be fully described in field settings. Our study examines the distribution of virologic failure in plasma, breast milk, and endocervical secretions among postpartum breastfeeding…
Epidemiological Evaluation of Phylogenetic Clustering and Meeting Sexual Partners at Social Venues Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in Lima, Peru
New HIV infections in the Americas are predominately occurring among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW).1 In Peru, there is a concentrated epidemic among MSM and TW, for whom the HIV prevalence exceeds 20% while the general HIV prevalence is less than one percent.2 This study sought to identify geographic…
The association between sexual subjectivity and sexual health outcomes both negative and positive in a sample of women
BACKGROUND The role of psychosocial constructs such as assertiveness and self-efficacy has increasingly been acknowledged as an important component of research and interventions directed at young women’s sexual health. The female sexual subjectivity inventory (FSSI) was developed to measure five distinct factors of young women’s experiences of sexual pleasure and empowerment as agentic sexual beings:…
November 19, 2020
Headache after Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Background: Headache symptoms are a major contributor to chronic pain after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We investigated associations between headache symptoms after TBI and both psychological symptoms (depression and anxiety) and patient reported outcomes (satisfaction with life and loss of employment). Methods: A cohort of 408 individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI was prospectively followed for…
Financial incentives to increase pediatric HIV testing in Kenya: A pilot randomized clinical trial
Background Initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) prior to the onset of symptomatic disease improves survival in HIV-infected children. However, HIV diagnosis in children is often delayed due to caregiver reluctance to test and financial barriers. A pilot study was conducted to assess acceptability of financial incentives to motivate pediatric testing, and to determine incentive amount and…
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus among newly-diagnosed HIV-infected South African Adults
Abstract Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus among newly-diagnosed HIV-infected South African Adults Joseph Murphy Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Paul Drain, MD Department of Epidemiology Background: Non-communicable diseases and their risk factors, including diabetes mellitus, have been increasing in HIV-endemic resource-limited settings. We sought to determine the prevalence and risk factors for diabetes…
Outpatient Antibiotic Parenteral Therapy in Vulnerable Populations: People Who Inject Drugs and the Homeless
BACKGROUND Serious infections that require prolonged parenteral antimicrobial therapy are common among people who inject drugs (PWID) and people who are homeless; and creating an outpatient antibiotic treatment plan can be challenging. We examined patient outcomes of our outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) program, with a focus on PWID and the homeless, to evaluate program…
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