Graduate
November 18, 2020
The Impact of Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs on Antibiotic Resistance and Prescribing
BACKGROUND The spread of antibiotic resistance has spurred the development of hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). In this observational study, the effects of hospital ASPs on antibiotic isolate susceptibility and antibiotic days of therapy (DOT) were assessed amongst inpatients at two hospitals in Seattle, WA: one children’s hospital and one general acute care hospital. METHODS…
Relationship power and partner support for family planning among postpartum adolescents in Kenya
Abstract Background: Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa have significant unmet need for family planning (FP). Lack of partner support for FP may be a barrier to contraceptive use, and low relationship power may negatively impact AGYW’s ability to negotiate FP use and fertility desires with their partners. Research on partner support…
Detection of protein targets associated with survival in malignant pediatric brain tumors
BACKGROUND Brain tumors are the leading cause of pediatric cancer death. Specific protein detection by immunohistochemistry may predict patient survival and identify opportunities for targeted therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of selected protein markers to prioritize targets for further therapeutic study. PROCEDURE We studied a single institution cohort of…
Role of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and host genetic variants in risk of myocardial infarction among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
With the advent of highly effective antiretroviral therapy in the last 20 years, survival of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) has improved dramatically. Over the same period, morbidity and mortality from non-AIDS-defining illnesses, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), have increased. PLWH are at higher risk of myocardial infarction (MI) compared to the general…
Unnecessary inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: understanding patient and health system complexity as contributors
OBJECTIVE To determine if patient complexity is associated with unnecessary use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at low risk of exacerbations and if health system complexity modifies this association. METHODS We identified Veterans with COPD without a guideline-recommended indication for ICS from electronic health records between January 2012…
Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus illness in children and adults in Seattle, WA over five seasons
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important cause of pneumonia in children aged <5 years worldwide and can cause severe disease in elderly and high-risk adults. Multiple RSV strains co-circulate and evolve over seasons. We seek to describe the molecular epidemiology and evolution of RSV over five seasons in Seattle, WA, USA. Methods:…
Predictability of West Nile virus based on climate variables in Washington State
This study assesses the association between regional, monthly climate variables, including mean, minimum, and maximum temperature and total precipitation, with the following outcome variables: regional, monthly mosquito population size; regional, monthly West Nile Virus (WNV) mosquito maximum likelihood estimates (MLE); and regional, monthly human WNV incidence between 2007-2017. This study used data provided by NASA’s…
Respiratory Viral Coinfection in a Birth Cohort of Infants in Rural Nepal
Acute respiratory illnesses are a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality in children. Although the effects of each virus have been studied individually, impacts of coinfection on disease severity are less understood. A secondary analysis was performed of a maternal influenza vaccine trial conducted between 2011-2014 in Nepal. Prospective weekly household-based active surveillance of…
Metabolic syndrome following hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and among HIV infected adults: understanding cardiovascular disease risk
In this dissertation we discuss the findings of two studies that describe the burden of the Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Kenya, a low resource setting with increasing incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other non-communicable diseases (NCD.). In these two complementary studies, we evaluate the risk of MetS in two different study populations,…
Contraception and HIV-1 prevention among women in Africa: informing choices amid expanding options
Introduction Options for both contraception and HIV-1 prevention are expanding in sub-Saharan Africa, offering important opportunities to provide women with products they need to achieve their prevention goals. Decision-making in the face of many options is complex, and we aimed to generate evidence to inform women’s selection of contraception and HIV-1 prevention with the following…
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