Graduate
October 1, 2024
Correlates and outcomes of high inflammatory cytokine levels in ART naive Kenyan children diagnosed with HIV at hospital enrollment
Background: Cytokines are the key mediators of innate and adaptive immunity and the key modulators of inflammation during acute illness. Owing to the immune dysregulation and inflammation during HIV-infection, multiple studies have reported the association of inflammatory cytokines with increased mortality and other adverse clinical outcomes in people living with HIV (PLH) regardless of antiretroviral…
Impact of a Community Health Worker (CHW) Intervention on Emotional Support, and Physical, and Mental Health of Parents of Infants and Toddlers Receiving Care at Federally Qualified Health Centers
Background: Major life adaptations in parenthood impacts parents’ emotional, physical, and mental health in the first 24 months post-delivery; interventions to improve these health outcomes are essential. The introduction of the PARENT-focused Redesign for Encounters, Newborns to Toddlers (PARENT) intervention demonstrates important efforts towards improving services and support for parents of infants and toddlers. Methods:…
Settler Colonialism and Health Inequities: Contextualizing Religion and HIV among Transgender Women in the Philippines
The health inequities faced by transgender individuals in the Philippines are deeply intertwined with the historical impacts of colonization on Philippine society. This study examines the association between religiosity, socio-demographic factors, and HIV status among Filipinx transgender women using an abolitionist framework. Quantitative data were collected between June 2018 and May 2019 through a cross-sectional…
Evaluating the Completeness and Timeliness of Tuberculosis Case-Reporting by Laboratories in Washington State, 2019-2023
Background: The Washington Disease Reporting System (WDRS) is an electronic disease surveillance system used by public health professionals across Washington State to enter, track, and analyze disease-related data on nationally and Washington State notifiable conditions. The information comes from a variety of sources, including healthcare providers, facilities, and laboratories within Washington. Moreover, WDRS serves as…
Assessing the Impact of Comorbidities on Respiratory Virus Prevalence Across Age Groups in Washington State
Background. Respiratory viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and parainfluenza viruses (PIV) 1-4 cause significant disease burden. Vaccines against RSV are now in use in the United States to protect specific populations, including older adults and young infants, and hMPV and PIV vaccines are in development. There are few data on…
The Association Between Use of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children During Pregnancy and Low Birthweight Among Non-US Born Birthing People
Background: Despite immense healthcare spending per capita, maternal and infant health outcomes remain poor compared to other developed nations. Between 2012 and 2022, the rate of infants born low birthweight (LBW), defined as birthweight less than 2,500 grams or 5 1⁄2 pounds, in the United States increased by 7%. Previous studies have found that maternal…
Associations between breastfeeding intention, practice, and determinants among pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV and without HIV in western Kenya
Background: Infant morbidity and mortality remain high in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Not exclusively breastfeeding (BF) during the first six months of life contributes to 1.5 million child deaths per year . However, the prevalence of exclusive BF during the first six months is only 53.5% in East Africa (between 2010-2015) and 61% in Kenya specifically…
A mixed-methods assessment of individual and clinic-level factors associated with uptake of cervical cancer screening (CCS) services in family planning (FP) clinics in Mombasa County, Kenya
Despite the high incidence of cervical cancer and the availability of CCS services in different healthcare settings in Kenya, uptake remains low. This mixed methods study, nested within a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of an implementation strategy, the Systems Analysis and Improvement Approach (SAIA), for increasing CCS, assessed individual and facility-level barriers and…
Association of Neighborhood-Level Social Vulnerability with Preterm Birth in King County, Washington 2018-2022
Background: Preterm birth (PTB) affects one in ten US infants and remains to be a leading cause of infant morbidity, mortality, and life course adverse health outcomes. In King County, WA, the rate of PTB is higher among Black (12.1%) and American Indian/Alaska Native (15.6%) birthing people, as well as those without a college degree…
Investigating the Association between Maternal Precarious Employment and Childhood Asthma Exacerbation
The rise in poor quality employment, also known as precarious employment, over the past few decades has posed many challenges, disproportionately affecting women, impacting both their wellbeing and their families. This cross-sectional study explored the association between maternal precarious employment and childhood asthma exacerbation, a leading cause of child hospitalizations in the United States. The…
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