Graduate
November 24, 2020
Cardiovascular Health Effects of 100% Fruit Juice Versus Whole Fruit in Postmenopausal Women: Results from the Women’s Health Initiative
Introduction We investigated whether 100% fruit juice and whole fruit were independently related to incident hypertension or incident type 2 diabetes. Methods We included women 50-79 years old enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative. The risk of incident hypertension was analyzed in 80,539 participants and risk of incident diabetes in 114,219 participants. One hundred percent…
New statin use and left ventricular structure: estimating long-term associations in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Recent treatment guidelines in the United States have increased the number of statin-eligible individuals. While statin use is associated with a modest reduction in heart failure hospitalizations in meta-analyses of statin trials, the mechanism is unclear. Only small and short-term studies have evaluated statins in relation to changes in heart structure. We estimated the association…
Evaluating the efficiency of community-based HIV testing and counseling strategies to decrease HIV burden in sub-Saharan Africa
Knowledge of one’s HIV status is vital to accessing treatment and prevention yet only a fraction of individuals in sub-Saharan Africa are regularly tested for HIV. Community-based HIV testing and counseling (HTC), defined as HTC conducted outside of a healthcare facility, has the potential to achieve high population testing coverage and linkage to care. The…
Socioeconomic Status and Health Behavior in Nepal
Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of health outcomes, but more research is needed to improve our understanding of the relationship between SES, behavior and health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Efforts to improve our understanding are limited by the difficulty of measuring economic status in low-resource settings where income may…
Implementation science to expand an mHealth intervention for improving retention in care for women living with HIV and their children
Introduction: The multi-step cascade of care for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) paves the way to potentially eliminating mother-to-child HIV transmission; yet, it also lays the foundation for attrition and disengagement from care, increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality for both mother and child. We recently concluded a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in…
Antiretroviral Treatment as Prevention in African HIV-1 Serodiscordant Couples: Understanding the Challenges and Opportunities
The studies described in this dissertation examine the relationship between use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and biologic and behavioral factors related to HIV-1 transmission risk in stable heterosexual HIV-1 serodiscordant African couples. ART is recommended for all HIV-1 infected persons, regardless of CD4 count, to reduce HIV-1 related morbidity, mortality and risk of transmission to…
Assessing the association between receipt of antimalarial drugs and adverse pregnancy outcomes using pooled data
Malaria is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and neonatal death in areas of malaria transmission. Worldwide, it is responsible for up to 100,000 neonatal deaths and 10,000 maternal deaths annually. There is a need for better information on the safety of antimalarial drugs for women and their fetuses. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT)…
Comparison of In-Person Versus Telephone Interviews for Early Syphilis and HIV Partner Services in King County, Washington (2010-2014)
Background: Early syphilis (ES) and HIV partner services (PS) traditionally use in-person interviews. Telephone interviews may be more efficient, but their relative effectiveness is uncertain. Methods: We used multivariable Poisson regression to compare partners named, notified, tested, diagnosed, and treated (ES only) per original patient (OP) who underwent in-person versus telephone PS interview in King…
Association between vaginal bacterial microbiota and the presence and clinical presentation of vulvovaginal candidiasis
Introduction: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is among the most common reasons for women to seek medical care. Annual costs related to VVC in the United States are estimated at over $1 billion. Vaginal yeast exists in an environment with a diverse and changing vaginal bacterial microbiota. Little is known about how the vaginal bacterial community influences…
Influence of household remittance on childhood stunting in Nepal
Introduction: Migration is a livelihood strategy for many poor households in Nepal where about 56% of the households receive remittances, money sent by migrants. The country also has high rates of undernutrition; 41% of children under five years of age are reported to be stunted. Although remittance payments are known to increase household income potentially…
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