Graduate
November 19, 2020
Demographic Characteristics and Diagnostic Performance of Pathologists who Enjoy Interpreting Melanocytic Skin Lesions
Background: Diagnostic errors among pathologists when interpreting melanocytic skin lesions (MSL) is an ongoing concern for patient safety and quality of care. The number of skin biopsies has increased annually over the past decade, subsequently applying a higher demand on pathologists’ work performance. Given that physician job satisfaction can plausibly impact upon patient care, we…
Headache after Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Background: Headache symptoms are a major contributor to chronic pain after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We investigated associations between headache symptoms after TBI and both psychological symptoms (depression and anxiety) and patient reported outcomes (satisfaction with life and loss of employment). Methods: A cohort of 408 individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI was prospectively followed for…
Financial incentives to increase pediatric HIV testing in Kenya: A pilot randomized clinical trial
Background Initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) prior to the onset of symptomatic disease improves survival in HIV-infected children. However, HIV diagnosis in children is often delayed due to caregiver reluctance to test and financial barriers. A pilot study was conducted to assess acceptability of financial incentives to motivate pediatric testing, and to determine incentive amount and…
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus among newly-diagnosed HIV-infected South African Adults
Abstract Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus among newly-diagnosed HIV-infected South African Adults Joseph Murphy Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Paul Drain, MD Department of Epidemiology Background: Non-communicable diseases and their risk factors, including diabetes mellitus, have been increasing in HIV-endemic resource-limited settings. We sought to determine the prevalence and risk factors for diabetes…
Resolution of Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Association with Emergency Department Fluid Management Patterns
Background: Sepsis is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is associated with poor outcomes including progression to chronic kidney disease, increased intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and mortality. Recent evidence suggests that trajectory of AKI (duration and resolution/persistence), rather than KDIGO stage, is associated with these poor outcomes….
Outpatient Antibiotic Parenteral Therapy in Vulnerable Populations: People Who Inject Drugs and the Homeless
BACKGROUND Serious infections that require prolonged parenteral antimicrobial therapy are common among people who inject drugs (PWID) and people who are homeless; and creating an outpatient antibiotic treatment plan can be challenging. We examined patient outcomes of our outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) program, with a focus on PWID and the homeless, to evaluate program…
Air Pollution, Change in Retinal Vascular Caliber, and Cellular Adhesion in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Research strongly suggests an association between acute air pollution exposure and cardiovascular events, and there is growing evidence that long-term exposure to air pollution may be associated with cardiovascular disease development. Further research on possible biologic pathways relating air pollution and cardiovascular pathology is needed to support a causal relationship and provide evidence for stricter…
November 18, 2020
Genetic Variations and Risk of Placental Abruption
BACKGROUND Placental abruption (PA) is a premature separation of an implanted placenta due to the rupture of the maternal vessels in the decidua basalis prior to delivery of the fetus. PA complicates approximately 1 in 100 pregnancies leading to significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The etiology of PA is not fully known….
Beta Lactam and Other Antibiotic Allergies in Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients
Background Patients with reported beta lactam antibiotic allergies (BLA) are more likely to receive broad-spectrum antibiotics and experience adverse outcomes. Data on the burden of beta lactam and other antibiotic allergies among solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients are limited. Methods We reviewed records of first-time adult SOT or allogeneic HCT…
Differences by Victim Race and Ethnicity in Race and Ethnicity Motivated Violent Bias Crimes: A National Study
BACKGROUND Over 80% of bias motivated violent victimization is motivated by race or ethnicity and over 50% of bias victimization occurs in Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). Our aim was to determine the risk and health impacts of race/ethnicity motivated violent victimization by victim race/ethnicity. METHODS We examined data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (2003-2015) to…
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