MPH
November 18, 2020
Antiretroviral medication prescription errors and associated factors among HIV infected children in selected health facilities in Nairobi, Kenya
BACKGROUND Access to life saving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in many resource-limited settings has increased, yet more than 30% of children on ART do not achieve viral suppression. Multiple factors contribute to viral suppression including patient, drug and health system factors. Infants and children require continuous medication dose adjustments in response to changing pharmacodynamics and inappropriate…
Trait vs. trajectory: Conceptualizations of resilience after mild traumatic brain injury
Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) are associated with various physical, cognitive, and behavioral/emotional problems. Resilience has been conceptualized as both a personal “trait” and an outcome “trajectory”. The objective of this study was to examine the association between 1) “trait” resilience and outcome trajectory of posttraumatic headache, and 2) to examine the relationship of both…
Can passive smoking explain the higher radiation-related excess relative risk of lung cancer for women compared to men among atomic bomb survivors
Analyses of the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of atomic bomb survivors have shown a sex difference in the incidence of lung cancer in relation to radiation exposure. Specifically, the excess relative risk (ERR) of lung cancer associated with radiation exposure is observed to be higher in women compared to men (the ERR/Gy for females…
Utility of next-generation sequencing for HIV antiretroviral resistance genotyping in a pragmatic clinical laboratory setting
Routine HIV antiviral resistance genotyping is an important tool in the clinical management of HIV infections and interest is growing among clinical laboratories for the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in HIV drug resistance testing. Although resistance genotyping has traditionally been conducted using Sanger sequencing methods, NGS is emerging as a powerful tool due to…
Pregnancy outcomes among women with epilepsy in Washington State, 1987-2012
Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders, is characterized by chronic recurrent seizures and may be associated with pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes for the mother and infant. We compared the occurrence of selected adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with epilepsy to occurrence among women without epilepsy with deliveries in Washington State, 1987-2012. We…
Postmortem Intestinal Sampling in Malawi
Background In LMICs, undernutrition is the leading underlying cause of child mortality, which remains unacceptably high. Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a prevalent condition in areas with lack of access to hygiene and safe sanitation could be a significant contributor to undernutrition. To better understand the role of EED in child undernutrition and mortality, accurate cause…
Spatio-Temporal Trends of Typhoid Fever Incidence in Kibera (2007-2015)
BACKGROUND Typhoid fever is a bloodstream infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi and transmitted either person-to-person through direct fecal-oral transmission or via environmental factors. METHODS We utilized household and clinical data from an infectious disease surveillance system in Kibera, from 2007-2015 to assess spatial and temporal patterns of typhoid fever risk in two age…
Body Mass Index and Risks of Recurrence and Mortality by Breast Cancer Subtype
BACKGROUND A key modifiable risk factor that may contribute to breast cancer prognosis is body mass index (BMI). Triple negative (TN) and HER2-overexpressing (H2E) breast cancers are particularly aggressive molecular subtypes where lifestyle-focused interventions may be particularly impactful. METHODS We conducted a population-based case–case study of 4,557 women aged 20–69 years diagnosed with invasive breast…
Sex Misclassification in the BRFSS and its Implications for Assessing Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Reproductive Health: A Quantitative Bias Analysis
National surveys based on probability sampling methods, such as the Behavior Risk Factor and Surveillance Survey (BRFSS), are crucial tools for unbiased estimates of disparities in health and healthcare access among gender minorities. The BRFSS began offering an optional sexual orientation and gender identity module in 2014, capturing transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) identity among…
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI), H2 Blocker Use, and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in Children
BACKGROUND Previous longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have shown that changes in the composition of the gut microbiota are associated with IBD. Thus, it is plausible that drugs that alter the microbiome may increase the risk of future IBD. Previous studies have examined the association of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) and H2-receptor antagonists (H2 blockers) with…
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