MPH
November 18, 2020
Spatio-Temporal Trends of Typhoid Fever Incidence in Kibera (2007-2015)
BACKGROUND Typhoid fever is a bloodstream infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi and transmitted either person-to-person through direct fecal-oral transmission or via environmental factors. METHODS We utilized household and clinical data from an infectious disease surveillance system in Kibera, from 2007-2015 to assess spatial and temporal patterns of typhoid fever risk in two age…
Body Mass Index and Risks of Recurrence and Mortality by Breast Cancer Subtype
BACKGROUND A key modifiable risk factor that may contribute to breast cancer prognosis is body mass index (BMI). Triple negative (TN) and HER2-overexpressing (H2E) breast cancers are particularly aggressive molecular subtypes where lifestyle-focused interventions may be particularly impactful. METHODS We conducted a population-based case–case study of 4,557 women aged 20–69 years diagnosed with invasive breast…
Sex Misclassification in the BRFSS and its Implications for Assessing Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Reproductive Health: A Quantitative Bias Analysis
National surveys based on probability sampling methods, such as the Behavior Risk Factor and Surveillance Survey (BRFSS), are crucial tools for unbiased estimates of disparities in health and healthcare access among gender minorities. The BRFSS began offering an optional sexual orientation and gender identity module in 2014, capturing transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) identity among…
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI), H2 Blocker Use, and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in Children
BACKGROUND Previous longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have shown that changes in the composition of the gut microbiota are associated with IBD. Thus, it is plausible that drugs that alter the microbiome may increase the risk of future IBD. Previous studies have examined the association of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) and H2-receptor antagonists (H2 blockers) with…
Awareness of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Predictors of Interest in PrEP Among HIV-negative Persons Who Inject Drugs in Seattle, Washington
Background: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is safe and effective for use in people who inject drugs (PWID), but studies indicate that PrEP is underutilized in this population. We assessed awareness of PrEP and investigated predictors of interest in PrEP among PWID in Seattle, Washington. Methods: This study analyzed data from a 2019 survey of PWID…
Receptiveness and Responsiveness of Using Social Media for Safe Firearm Storage Outreach in Washington State: A Mixed-Methods Study
Background: Childhood and adolescent firearm injury and death have increased over the past decade and become a major public health concern in the United States. There is a growing disparity in the incidence of these events occurring in rural compared to urban areas. Safe firearm storage have shown to be an effective measure to prevent…
Serum Concentrations of Novel Vitamin D Biomarkers and Detection of Prevalent High-Risk HPV Infection
Introduction: Vitamin D has potential immunomodulating benefits in infection. While one prior population-based cross-sectional study showed a protective association between serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infection, additional biomarkers present at different stages along the vitamin D metabolic pathway may more completely characterize vitamin D status than 25(OH)D alone. We evaluated cross-sectional associations…
Longitudinal Association between Greenspace and Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence from MESA
This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal association between the abundance of nearby greenspace in urban and suburban environments and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data was used from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Normal Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used as a proxy for greenspace. Exposure categories used NDVI median values from…
A Retrospective Cohort Study of Race and Ethnicity, Pre-pregnancy Weight, and Pregnancy Complications
Objective: To examine relationships between race/ethnicity, pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity status, and pregnancy complications: gestational diabetes (GDM), preeclampsia, and cesarean-delivery. Methods: We conducted a large retrospective population-based cohort study among mothers who delivered a singleton live birth in hospitals that participated in the Obstetrics Clinical Outcomes Assessment Program database (N=57,144). Race/ethnicity was categorized into mutually exclusive groups…
November 17, 2020
Risk factors for health-related quality of life deterioration following pediatric critical illness
Background: Many children experience declines in health-related quality of life (HRQL) after critical illness, but it is unknown what components of HRQL are most affected. We aimed to evaluate risk factors for deterioration between baseline and post-discharge HRQL status in the individual components of common HRQL measures among pediatric survivors of critical illness. Methods: We…
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