MPH
November 18, 2020
The role of individual and community level social and cultural connectedness in modifying the effect of childhood adversity on anxiety and depression in American Indian college students
BACKGROUND While causes of anxiety and depression are multifactorial, chronic and acute stress experiences play an important role. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), are sources of childhood stress for which a dose-response relationship with anxiety and depression symptoms across the lifespan has been well established. American Indian and Alaskan Natives (AIANs) experience significantly more ACEs compared…
Assessment of Repeat HIV Testing and Utilization of HIV Self-Testing to Increase Repeat Testing Amongst Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Kisumu County, Kenya
University of Washington Abstract Assessment of Repeat HIV Testing and Utilization of HIV Self-Testing to Increase Repeat Testing Amongst Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Kisumu County, Kenya Patrick Oyaro Owiti Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Jared Baeten, Department of Epidemiology Repeat HIV testing of pregnant and postpartum women is key to prevention of mother-to-child transmission…
Impact of mental health on HIV-related outcomes in a South African township
HIV continues to be a significant public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, with South Africa currently having the largest HIV epidemic. Additionally, there is a paucity of research exploring the potential effects of mental health on HIV-related outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. Our objective was to better understand the impact of mental health on the course…
Prevalence and correlates of repeat testing during pregnancy and postpartum in rural Kenya
BACKGROUND Repeat HIV testing during pregnancy and the postpartum period is crucial for early detection and treatment of incident maternal HIV infection, and to achieve elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT). World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend repeat testing of peripartum HIV negative women but data on implementation are lacking. The objective of this study…
Antiretroviral medication prescription errors and associated factors among HIV infected children in selected health facilities in Nairobi, Kenya
BACKGROUND Access to life saving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in many resource-limited settings has increased, yet more than 30% of children on ART do not achieve viral suppression. Multiple factors contribute to viral suppression including patient, drug and health system factors. Infants and children require continuous medication dose adjustments in response to changing pharmacodynamics and inappropriate…
Trait vs. trajectory: Conceptualizations of resilience after mild traumatic brain injury
Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) are associated with various physical, cognitive, and behavioral/emotional problems. Resilience has been conceptualized as both a personal “trait” and an outcome “trajectory”. The objective of this study was to examine the association between 1) “trait” resilience and outcome trajectory of posttraumatic headache, and 2) to examine the relationship of both…
Can passive smoking explain the higher radiation-related excess relative risk of lung cancer for women compared to men among atomic bomb survivors
Analyses of the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of atomic bomb survivors have shown a sex difference in the incidence of lung cancer in relation to radiation exposure. Specifically, the excess relative risk (ERR) of lung cancer associated with radiation exposure is observed to be higher in women compared to men (the ERR/Gy for females…
Utility of next-generation sequencing for HIV antiretroviral resistance genotyping in a pragmatic clinical laboratory setting
Routine HIV antiviral resistance genotyping is an important tool in the clinical management of HIV infections and interest is growing among clinical laboratories for the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in HIV drug resistance testing. Although resistance genotyping has traditionally been conducted using Sanger sequencing methods, NGS is emerging as a powerful tool due to…
Pregnancy outcomes among women with epilepsy in Washington State, 1987-2012
Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders, is characterized by chronic recurrent seizures and may be associated with pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes for the mother and infant. We compared the occurrence of selected adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with epilepsy to occurrence among women without epilepsy with deliveries in Washington State, 1987-2012. We…
Postmortem Intestinal Sampling in Malawi
Background In LMICs, undernutrition is the leading underlying cause of child mortality, which remains unacceptably high. Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a prevalent condition in areas with lack of access to hygiene and safe sanitation could be a significant contributor to undernutrition. To better understand the role of EED in child undernutrition and mortality, accurate cause…
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