MPH
November 25, 2020
Sexual behavior patterns and condom use in newly sexually active female university students
Objectives: Describe sexual behavior patterns and condom use in newly sexually active female university students. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study (years 2000 – 2007) of university women enrolled either before or within three months of sexual debut who completed Web-based sexual behavior diaries biweekly and attended clinic visits every four months for up…
Host and environmental correlates of multi-drug resistance in Kenyan children with acute bacterial diarrhea
Bacterial diarrhea results in significant morbidity and mortality in children in sub-Saharan Africa. Antibiotic treatment can be a life-saving intervention, but the emergence of antibiotic resistance limits its clinical efficacy. Data on the burden and risk factors for antibiotic resistance in enteric pathogens are needed to inform diarrhea management recommendations and resistance control interventions. Stool/rectal…
November 24, 2020
Performance of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for diagnosis of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection in a clinical setting
Background FDA-approved ELISA assays for determining type-specific herpes simplex virus (HSV) serostatus are widely used in clinics. We compared the performance of such assays with the University of Washington western blot (UW WB) in patients who sought confirmation of their HSV serostatus. Methods We reviewed charts of all persons evaluated at the Westover Heights Clinic…
Polyomavirus-negative Merkel cell carcinoma: a more aggressive subtype based on analysis of 282 cases using multi-modal tumor virus detection
Previous studies have reached conflicting conclusions regarding the proportion of Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs) that contain the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and the clinical significance of tumor viral status. To address these controversies, we detected MCPyV large T antigen using immunohistochemistry with two distinct antibodies and viral DNA using quantitative PCR. Tumors were called virus-positive…
Intimate Partner Violence among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative Pregnant Women Receiving Partner Services in Kisumu, Kenya: Correlates and Incidence during Postpartum
Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of violence amongst women. IPV experienced during pregnancy can expose women and their babies to fatal and non-fatal adverse outcomes. This study assessed socio-demographic factors associated with current or past intimate partner violence to better identify women who are at risk or those currently experiencing…
Role of Support Persons in Adolescent and Young Adult Voluntary HIV Testing and Counseling in Kenya
University of Washington Abstract Role of Support Persons in Adolescent and Young Adult Voluntary HIV Testing and Counseling in Kenya Jillian Neary Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Jennifer Slyker, MSc, PhD Assistant Professor, Global Health Adjunct Assistant Professor, Epidemiology Background: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) are the only age stratum in which HIV incidence and…
Association between depressive symptoms, risk factors for sexually transmitted infections, and nongonococcal urethritis
BACKGROUND: Depressive symptoms and urethritis are common, and may be associated with one another. Severe depression may lead to different risk behaviors than more moderate depression. Therefore individuals with moderate depression may be at increased risk for engaging in certain risk factors and for acquiring nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) compared to individuals with severe depression. METHODS:…
Cardiovascular Health Effects of 100% Fruit Juice Versus Whole Fruit in Postmenopausal Women: Results from the Women’s Health Initiative
Introduction We investigated whether 100% fruit juice and whole fruit were independently related to incident hypertension or incident type 2 diabetes. Methods We included women 50-79 years old enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative. The risk of incident hypertension was analyzed in 80,539 participants and risk of incident diabetes in 114,219 participants. One hundred percent…
Socioeconomic Status and Health Behavior in Nepal
Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of health outcomes, but more research is needed to improve our understanding of the relationship between SES, behavior and health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Efforts to improve our understanding are limited by the difficulty of measuring economic status in low-resource settings where income may…
Comparison of In-Person Versus Telephone Interviews for Early Syphilis and HIV Partner Services in King County, Washington (2010-2014)
Background: Early syphilis (ES) and HIV partner services (PS) traditionally use in-person interviews. Telephone interviews may be more efficient, but their relative effectiveness is uncertain. Methods: We used multivariable Poisson regression to compare partners named, notified, tested, diagnosed, and treated (ES only) per original patient (OP) who underwent in-person versus telephone PS interview in King…
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