MPH
November 25, 2020
Effects of Intubation Location on Risk of Ventilator Associated Events
BACKGROUND Ventilation is a crucial tool in modern medicine that allows for advanced respiratory support in critically ill patients. However, prolonged ventilation has been found to be linked with ventilator-associated conditions (VACs), which in turn are associated with multiple adverse hospital outcomes. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between intubation practices (using intubation locations as a…
Stressful Life Events in Pregnancy and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms among Women in Washington State
BACKGROUND Stressful life events (SLEs) such as job loss or death of a loved one are common in pregnancy. Studies have shown that women with SLEs during pregnancy are more likely to develop postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS). This study examined the association between stressful life events (SLEs) experienced one year before delivery and postpartum depressive…
Risk factors of opioid-related overdose among opioid users in an acute care setting: a prospective cohort study
OBJECTIVE Opioid-related overdoses cause substantial morbidity and mortality in the United States. This prospective cohort analysis investigated the associations between demographics, overdose history, and drug use and future medically attended opioid overdose events (both fatal and non-fatal). METHODS Baseline data from 241 high-risk opioid users were collected from 2013-2015 in Washington State. These data were…
Patterns in completion of colorectal cancer screening using fecal immunochemical tests in a health maintenance organization setting
BACKGROUND Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a home-based stool test for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and an effective means to improve rates of CRC screening overall, and thus reduce CRC mortality. We investigated and described patient characteristics associated with completion of FIT once a physician order has been placed. METHODS Enrollees of Kaiser Permanente Washington…
Correlates of HPV vaccination and association with HPV-16 and HPV-18 DNA detection in young women
BACKGROUND Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, primarily with high-risk (HR) types 16 and 18, is responsible for causing 17,600 cancers in women and 9,300 cancers in men in the US each year. However, the availability of the HPV vaccination series has substantially reduced the prevalence of vaccine-type HPV. METHODS We employed a cross-sectional study design to…
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Syphilis and Hepatitis B Co-Infection Among Newly-Diagnosed HIV-Infected Adults in Durban, South Africa
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for co-infection with syphilis or hepatitis B (HBV) among newly-diagnosed HIV-infected adults in an urban township of KwaZulu-Natal. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of newly-diagnosed HIV infected adults at an outpatient HIV clinic in Durban, South Africa. Baseline demographics, socio-economic indicators, behavioral factors, substance use…
High cervical IL-6 levels predict spontaneous preterm birth among women in western Kenya
BACKGROUND Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) increases neonatal morbidity and mortality. Infection and subsequent inflammation of the genital tract have been identified as risk factors for sPTB, however the role of cytokines in this relationship remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study determined the association between genital cytokines and sPTB, identified cofactors for high genital cytokine levels, and…
Atrial Fibrillation in an African-American Cohort: the Jackson Heart Study
While many risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) are more prevalent among African Americans (AAs) than whites, AF incidence appears to be lower. Data from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), a community-based cohort study of cardiovascular disease among 5,306 AAs were used to investigate incident AF. Using participant characteristic data ascertained at baseline and incident…
Sociodemographic, behavioral, and neighborhood-environment predictors of diabetes prevalence across Asian American ethnicities: Analyses of CHIS (2013-2015).
BACKGROUND Asian Americans are the fastest growing minority group in the U.S. and are disproportionately affected by the burden of diabetes. However, little is known about the individual vs. environmental-level predictors of diabetes and the heterogeneity among Asian American ethnicities. OBJECTIVE To examine whether socio-demographic factors, individual health behaviors, or neighborhood environmental factors are most…
Precipitation Associated with Increased Diarrheal Disease in Mozambique; A Time Series Analysis
BACKGROUND Diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. Though research has shown diarrheal diseases to be impacted by weather, there is limited evidence of this association in sub-Saharan Africa and no studies conducted in Mozambique. Our study aimed to determine if variation in diarrheal disease counts was associated with precipitation…
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