Graduate
November 18, 2020
Worldwide HIV Virulence Evolution in Response to Changes in Prevalence and Treatment Coverage
Introduction Whether worldwide HIV virulence has been increasing, decreasing, or remaining constant through time is still debated. Modeling work has suggested that prevalence and treatment coverage within countries may impact HIV virulence evolution at the population level, but these factors have not yet been considered in data analyses of HIV virulence changes. Additionally, disparities in…
Policing and population health: The relationship between militarization and lethal use of force
At present, the United States has no reliable and accessible federal surveillance system for lethal use of force by law enforcement. National dialogue on use of force has highlighted police militarization as a particularly concerning and potentially related trend but poor data limit the ability of researchers and practitioners to study this relationship. This dissertation…
Occupational Exposures and Subclinical Interstitial Lung Disease: The MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) Air–Lung Study
RATIONALE The impact of a broad range of occupational exposures on subclinical interstitial lung disease (ILD) has not been studied. Objectives: To determine whether occupational exposures to vapors, gas, dust, and fumes (VGDF) are associated with high-attenuation areas (HAAs) and interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs4 ), which are quantitative and qualitative computed tomography (CT)–based measurements of…
Effects of individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status on outcomes following a colorectal cancer diagnosis
Evidence indicates inequalities in socioeconomic status (SES), especially those that result in differential access to early detection as well as to high-quality medical and supportive care, as the primary drivers of persistent disparities in outcomes following colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. Yet research is limited on the independent and joint effects of individual SES (iSES) characteristics…
Exposure to ambient air pollution and outcomes in women undergoing in vitro fertilization
BACKGROUND This study estimates the effect of exposure to air pollution prior to the start of in vitro fertilization (IVF) on fertilization, embryo quality, pregnancy, and live birth. We expand upon previous research by estimating exposure using differing exposure time windows, examining the role of infertility, and examining potential mechanistic pathways. METHODS This retrospective cohort…
Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Neuropathology of Cerebrovascular Disease and Other Dementias in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Study of NACC Autopsy and Medical History Data, 2005 – 2017
In vitro testing of cholinesterase inhibitors suggested protective effects against neuronal toxicity from multiple sources. Investigations in primates found ChEI restored cerebral blood flow. Work in animals suggests ChEI may have a neuroprotective effect, though not necessarily impacting pathologies associated with Alzheimer’s Disease. Imaging studies had inconsistent results. Our objective was to assess the impact…
Social Determinants of Asthma in American Indian Children
BACKGROUND American Indian (AI) / Alaska Native (AN) children have a higher asthma prevalence than white children in the U.S. (9.4% versus 7.7%, respectively). The AI/AN population is extremely diverse; demographic, lifestyle, genetic, and environmental factors influence asthma prevalence and severity in these communities. Our study sought to examine risk factors associated with asthma among…
Commonly used medications and survival from ovarian cancer
Background: Ovarian cancer is the 10th most common type of cancer and the 5th leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States (U.S.). The majority of incident ovarian cancer cases are diagnosed in individual less than 65 years of age, but little evidence exists regarding the economic burden of ovarian cancer in…
Association of air pollution with longitudinal changes in arterial stiffness and correlates of longitudinal change in arterial stiffness in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
BACKGROUND Many studies have shown associations between particulate matter with diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), also called fine particulate air matter, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Improved understanding of the biological mechanisms linking air pollution to cardiovascular health effects is crucial to giving further support and justification for limiting air…
A Randomized Controlled Trial for Treatment of High-Grade Cervical Lesions Among HIV-Infected Women in Kenya
HIV and cervical cancer are co-epidemics that disproportionally impact women living in low resource settings. Women infected with HIV have consistently been reported to have higher burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, persistent HPV infection, and cervical pre-cancerous lesions than HIV-uninfected women. These lesions, if left untreated, can progress to cervical cancer. For women with…
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