Graduate
November 24, 2020
Short and long-term patient outcomes following inhalation injury among burn patients
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess the effect of inhalation injury on in-hospital and post-discharge morbidity and mortality among burn patients. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There has been no systematic assessment of long-term outcomes following inhalation injury. Additionally, the literature remains sparse regarding many non-mortality in-hospital outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of…
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Chronic Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Substantial experimental and epidemiological evidence shows that long-term use of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are protective against colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying chemopreventive mechanisms of NSAIDs are not fully understood, and whether there are specific subgroups of the population for whom the benefits of NSAIDs clearly outweigh the risk remains unknown….
Implications of combined exposure to household air pollution and HIV on neurodevelopment in Kenyan children
OBJECTIVES Exposure to air pollution is associated with numerous impacts on health, including neurodevelopmental function. The purpose of this study was to estimate the magnitude of air pollution exposure based on environmental carbon monoxide (CO) measures and assessment of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a metabolite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), among school-aged HIV-infected and uninfected children in…
Comprehensive characterization of humoral correlates of human immunodeficiency virus 1 superinfection acquisition in high-risk Kenyan women
HIV-1 superinfection, in which an infected individual acquires a second HIV-1 infection from a different partner, is one of the only settings in which HIV acquisition occurs in the context of a pre-existing immune response to natural HIV infection. There is evidence that initial infection provides some protection from superinfection, particularly after 6 months of…
Defining Optimal T-Cell Characteristics for Pediatric Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell Trials
BACKGROUND Engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have emerged as a powerful, highly personalized immunotherapy in pediatric cancer. Early phase clinical trials using CAR T cells targeting CD19 have resulted in complete response (CR) rates as high as 93% in children with relapsed and refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Despite this success, there are…
November 23, 2020
Management of GNR bacteremia in HCT: shifting patterns for outpatient antibiotic therapy in the modern era
Gram-negative rod bacteremia (GNRB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in recipients of an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). Treatment for these patients has historically occurred in the inpatient setting; however, shifts have been made towards outpatient care as it is associated with lower rates of hospital acquired infections (HAIs) and better use…
The Association Between Maternal Work Precarity and Infant Low Birth Weight in a Nationally Representative Cohort of Women in the United States
As a larger proportion of women enter and remain in the workforce, consideration should be given to how work characteristics can affect pregnancy outcomes. We investigated the association between maternal work precarity and delivery of a low birth weight infant. Data on work characteristics and covariates were collected from 2,871 women enrolled in the National…
Risk of Delirium and Use of Regional Analgesia in Geriatric Trauma Patients with Multiple Rib Fractures
OBJECTIVE To examine the risk of delirium in geriatric trauma patients with rib fractures treated with systemic opioids alone compared to those treated with regional analgesia (RA). METHODS Cohort study of patients ≥ 65 years with ≥ 3 rib fractures admitted to Harborview Medical Center from 2011-2016. The primary outcome was delirium positive ICU days….
Examining psychological distress across intersections of immigrant generational status, race, poverty, and gender
INTRODUCTION While many studies have documented the health outcomes of immigrants, little is known about the direct and intersectional influences of generational status on mental health. METHODS We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using data from the California Health Interview Survey from 2015-2016 (N=41,754) to examine the prevalence of psychological distress (self-reported experience in the…
Severe Infection and Mortality in Kenyan Newborns
This dissertation addresses severe neonatal infection and neonatal mortality in high-burden settings. Worldwide, almost half of all deaths in children under 5 years of age occur in the neonatal period (days 0-27 of life). Complications of prematurity, intrapartum events and severe infections cause the majority of these deaths, despite known effective interventions. The risk of…
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